![]() They argue against treating entire classes of actions as right or wrong. For example, a doctor may save three lives at the expense of one by harvesting organs from a perfectly healthy person.Īct utilitarians reject rigid rule-based moralities. Once someone accepts the concepts of justice, the next step is determining whether an action is always wrong or not. These concepts, such as justice and rights, refer to the rules that affect the well-being of an individual. They just interpret them from the perspective of maximizing utility. ![]() ![]() Moreover, rule utilitarians don’t necessarily reject concepts like justice or rights. The only way to choose between two different flavors is by weighing the costs and benefits. This is because they are motivated by egoism. While utilitarians may be right in some cases, they are hardly right in others. It bases moral rightness on what is known or foreseeable rather than on what is unknowable. Utilitarianism is a form of moral philosophy that accepts the distinction between evaluating actions and evaluating people. But, how do we know which values are moral? Utilitarianism Rather, we should act according to our own needs, and thereby avoid causing harm to others. Kant also argued that we should not act irrationally or selfishly. Thus, a good example of a Kantian ethic would be the Golden Rule. These values are purely derived from human nature. ![]() Kant argued that empathy and duty are not moral values. ![]()
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